THE HISTORY CYCLES

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20,000,000 -- Recent Epoch of geology begins; Ice Age ends; human beings spread to all parts of the world.
20,000 -- Mythical Lloigor inhabit continent of Mu.
10,000 -- Approximate beginning of agriculture in the fertile crescent. The Fertile Crescent is a historical region in the Middle East incorporating Ancient Egypt, the Levant, and Mesopotamia. The term "Fertile Crescent" was coined by University of Chicago archaeologist James Henry Breasted. Estimated date of inscriptions on stone disks by the Dropa tribe, a diminutive people of the Bayan-Kara-Ula Mountains on the border of China and Tibet; disks describe how the tribe came to earth in flying machines; ancient Dropa graves contain human remains with huge heads and small bodies.
6,000 -- Picture-writing develops.
5,000 -- First alphabet begins to develop.
4,000 -- Approximate date of discovery of metals, beginning of cities, constellations of stars first recorded. Canal built in Mesopotamia
3,500 – Sumerian language begins
3,200 – Indus Valley civilization Begins
3,100 – Unification of Unification of Upper and Lower Egypt
3,000 -- Approximate date of building of the Sphinx and Great Pyramid at Giza and other pyramids elsewhere in Egypt. Indus Valley civilization develops complex government, writing, and well planned cities. Minoan civilization flourishes in Crete. Earliest parts of the Bible written. Beginning date of Olmec calendar from Central America: 3113 B.C.E. Trephination (cutting a hole in the skull) practiced by people all over the world.
2,050 – Hsai ( Xia ) Dynasty in China Begins
2,600 -- Artificial sewage systems in the Indus Valley Civilization
2,500 -- Sarmoung Brotherhood of Babylonia flourish according to Gurdjieff.
2,100 -- Egyptians record star configurations (decans) on which the 24 hour day is based.
2,000 -- Stonehenge and other stone circles built in England.
1,800 -- Silbury Hill, a massive artificial mound with a flat top, constructed near Stonehenge. “Epic of Gilgamesh” in mesopotamia
1,500 – The first water clock in Egypt. According to researcher Jim Maciejewski, water clocks were among the earliest timekeepers created by mankind. While there is no consensus on where or when the first water clock was created, early water clocks have been shown to have existed in the Mesopotamian region (Sumer, Babylonia, Assyria), in India (Vedic people), and in China.
1,700 -- Babylonian Enuma Anu Enlil, early roots of astrology based on celestial phenomena.
1,750 – Code of Hummurabi is written
1,500 -- Approximate date of the destruction of Thera, on which Atlantis legends may be based. Early references to Mithraism on cuneiform astronomical texts. Quadrants of the moon recorded in China. Olmec civilization develops in South America.
1,375 – Development of the Modern English alphabet begins with the Phoenicians
1,360 -- Akhenaton's monotheistic sun worship in Egypt.
1,344 -- Tutankhamun, Akhenaton's successor who revived polytheism, buried at Thebes.
1,300 -- Approximate date I Ching written in China. Transparent glass is invented in Egypt.
1,184 -- End of the Trojan War.
1,000 to 2,000 -- Legendary Thule civilization in the Gobi region destroyed by a catastrophe, survivors migrating to Agarthi and Schamballah.
1,000 -- Huge Sacrificial Table built at Mystery Hill near North Salem, New Hampshire.
950 -- Approximate date of building of Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem, traditional origin of the Masonic fraternity
933 – The Indian caste system becomes enforced
900 -- Approximate time settlers from Europe and the Middle East established colonies in North America.
800 -- Twenty-eight "moon stations" in monthly lunar cycle recognized in Babylonia, India, and China. The beginnings of Greek City-states.
753 -- Legendary founding of Rome by Romulus.
700 -- Jordanian city of Petra is carved out of sandstone by unknown culture.
600 -- Approximate beginning of money with first coins in Lydia created by Croesus.
575 -- Nebuchadnezzar completes building Tower of Babel in Babylon.
551 – Gautama, the Buddha is born
530 -- Pythagoras developed mathematical theory.
500 to 600 -- Time of Buddha, Lao Tse, Confucius, Zarathustra, Orpheus, Pythagoras, Zachariah, and Daniel.
500 -- Sun Tzu's treatise The Art of War, first intelligence manual.
485 -- Execution of Spurius Cassius in Rome.
450 -- Development of the 12 constellations of the zodiac in Mesopotamia, recognizing the importance of the plane of the elliptic through which the sun, moon, and planets move.
400 -- Druidism in England. The book of Job is written. Coinage in China.
390 -- Approximate date Plato's The Republic written.
355 -- Plato's Timaios and Kritias, earliest accounts of Atlantis.
300 -- Invention of Mayan calendar in Yucatan, based on advanced astronomy. Fabius family of Rome reaches its greatest heights. Aristarchus proposed that the earth revolves around the sun; calculated diameter of the earth.
275 -- Approximate date Greek poet Aratus makes first systematic record of star constellations in Phaenomena.
270 to 232 -- Rule of Asoka, king of India who allegedly founded the Nine Unknown. According to the legend, upon his conversion to Buddhism after a massacre during one of his wars, the Emperor founded the society of the Nine to preserve and develop knowledge that would be dangerous to humanity if it fell into the wrong hands. The Nine were also charged by Asoka with manipulating the culture of India to present an image of a backwards and mystically-oriented people to the outside world in order to conceal the advanced scientific knowledge that was being accumulated within. Some versions of the story include an additional motivation for the Emperor to conceal scientific knowledge: remnants of the Rama Empire, an Indian version of Atlantis, which according to Hindu scripture was destroyed by advanced weaponry 15000 years ago. Theories have also begun to surface claiming that Rama and Atlantis might have had war using Nuclear technology, and destroyed each other.
264 – The Punic wars between Carthage and Rome
212 -- Archimedes uses burning-glass to set fire to Roman fleet at Syracuse, early use of lens as weapon.
133 -- Land reformer Tiberius Gracchus murdered and hundreds of his followers killed by followers of powerful Roman patricians; death of Scripio Africanus the younger a few years later.
121 -- Gaius Gracchus and 3000 of his followers massacred by patricians.
73 -- Revolt of the gladiators led by Spartacus.
44 -- Assassination of Julius Caesar.
4 -- Birth of Jesus of Nazareth.
0 -- Carnation-Painted Eyebrows Society, Copper Horses, Iron Shins, and other secret societies active in China.
C.E. 30 -- Assassination of Jesus, on Illuminati orders. An eclipse; an earthquake; angles roll away the stone from the sepulcher and liberate the crucified Jesus.
100 -- Hero of Alexandria devises primitive steam-engine.
125 to 150 -- Simon Magus, Menander, Valentinus, and others develop Gnostic religious doctrines of esoteric knowledge.
132 – First rudimentary Seismometer by Zang Heng: Seismometer (in Greek seismos = earthquake and metero = measure) are used by seismologists to measure and record seismic waves. By studying seismic waves, geologists can map the interior of the Earth, and measure and locate earthquakes and other ground motions. The term seismograph is usually interchangeable, but seismometer seems to be a more common usage.
135 -- Approximate date Ptolemy records 1,022 stars in Almagest; also recorded astrological ideas from Enuma Anu Enlil in his Apotelesmatika.
150 -- Roman Mithraism competes with Christianity. Yellow Turban Society subdues northern China.
200 -- First book of the Kabbalah, Sefer Yetzirah, compiled.
400 -- Estimated date of carving of stone statues found on Easter Island.
410 – Adoption of Chinese Writing in Japan
415 -- A mob of rioters burned down the Library of Alexandria, and much of the recorded knowledge of the western world was lost.
500 -- Chinese use of gunpowder begins.
532 – The Byzantines build the Hagia Sophia
570 to 632 -- Life of Muhammad, founder of Islam.
618 – The Tang Dynasty, China’s golden age, begins.
651 – Publication of the Qu’ran, the sacred book of Islam
670 -- Callinicus invents Greek Fire, primitive incendiary bomb.
673 to 735 -- Life of the Venerable Bede, the greatest scholar of Saxon England whose Ecclesiastical History of England (731) contained many occult and unexplained occurrences - an early Ambrose collection.
700 -- Sufi mysticism begins by.
852 -- Parachute invented by Armen Firman
909 -- First Fatimid caliph in Egypt.
450-1000 -- the "Dark Ages" in Europe.
1000 -- Approximate founding of Yazidi cult by sufi Shaikh Adi in Iraq. Abode of Learning active in Cairo. Spread of Cathari Manicheism throughout Europe. Leif Ericson explores North America.
1034 to 1124 -- Life of Hasan-e Sabbah, founder of the Assassins of Persia. Member of the Ismaili sect, Hasan seized fortress of Alamut in Daylam in 1090; split with Fatimid dynasty in 1094; Assassins flourished for next several centuries.
1034 – Baghdad falls to the Seljuk Turks.
1041 -- Pì Sh_ng was the inventor of movable type printing in between 1041 to 1048 in China. His types were made of clay. Wang Zhen improved it with wood.
1066 – The great schism between the Roman and Orthodox Church.
1092 -- Assassins murder Persian minister Nizam al-Mulk.
1095 -- First Crusade.
1100 -- Bogomil leader Basil burned in Constantinople. Albigensian Cathari sect flourishes near Albi, France. Avengers and Beati Paoli active in Italy.
1119 -- Knights Templar founded in Palestine.
1149 -- First Cathari bishop established.
1162 to 1227 -- Life of Genghis Khan, conquerer of China and Russia, invader of Europe and Islamic Empire, destroyer of Assassin power. Approximate beginnings of the wandering of the Gypsies of North India.
1176 -- Peter Waldo founds the Poor Men of Lyons. Sultan Saladin invades Assassin territory, gains truce.
1187 – Crusaders lose Jerusalem to Sala aldin.
1200 to 1300 -- House of Wisdom in Cairo, roots of the Afghan Roshaniya. Origin of the Mafia in Sicily.
1208 -- Albigensian Crusade begins suppression of Cathari heresy.
1212 -- The Children's Crusade. Genghis Khan invades China.
1215 – The Magna Carta is signed
1232 -- Rockets invented in China to defend city of Kaifeng against Mongol invaders.
1233 -- Founding of the Inquisition to suppress Cathari and other heresies.
1241 -- Mongols invade Europe through wise use of intelligence information and strategy, introduce gunpowder from Asia.
1250s -- Approximate beginning of Holy Vehm in Westphalia. Approximate time of Hulagu Khan's defeat of the Assassins.
1254 to 1324 (?) -- Life of Marco Polo, early European traveler in China, Persia.
1258 -- Hulagu Khan destroys Bagdad; Mongols destroy Mesopotamia, the mother of civilization.
1280 -- Roger Bacon, deviser of early eyeglasses, independently invents gunpowder superior to that of the chinese.
1291 – Hospitallers (the Christian military order) retreat to Cyprus.
1305- 1378 – Marco Polo travels in Asia
1306 -- Edward I forbids coal burning when English Parliament in session.
1307 -- Philip IV of France suppresses Knights Templar for witchcraft and heresies; Jacques de Molay imprisoned in the Temple in Paris.
1308 -- Assassination of Holy Roman Emperor Albert I.
1309 -- Hospitallers acquire the isle of Rhodes.
1313 -- Knights Templar dissolved by papal decree.
1325 – Dante writes the “ Devine Comedy”
1327 -- Assassination of King Edward II in England.
1329 -- First appearance of the Tarot in Germany. 1369 -- Timurlane becomes Great Khan.
1330 – Ibn Battuta, The north African Traveller, begins his 75,000 mile world tour, spanning almost 3 decades
1348 -- The plague appeared in Europe.
1350 – First suspension bridge built in Peru.
1382 – The great schism of the Papacy
1390 -- Gypsies begin to appear in Europe.
1437 -- Assassination of King James I of Scotland.
1456 -- Gutenberg Bible begins modern printing.
1458 -- Abramelin's Book of Sacred Magic translated from Hebrew to french according to followers of the cult of the Guardian Angel.
1471 -- Assassination of King Henry VI of England.
1483 -- Assassination of King Edward V of England.
711-1491 WAR OF SPAIN
1492 -- Rodrigo Borgia, head of the powerful Borgia family, becomes Pope Alexander VI. Columbus sails the ocean blue.
1493 to 1541 -- Life of Paracelsus, possible founder of Roscrucianism; discover of zinc around 1530; model of the Faust legend.
1500 -- Approximate date of Roshaiya, Illuminated Ones, in Afganistan. Beginning of Alumbrados in Spain and Charcoal- Burners in Scotland. Cesare Borgia has his brother-in-law assassinated.
1502 -- Cesare Borgia arrests and executes enemies who have conspired against him.
1503 to 1566 -- Life of Nostradamus, visionary.
1507 -- Fra Dolcino's version of Joachim's Illuminism suppressed by the Bishop of Vercueil.
1508-1510 -- Leonardo da Vinci compiled notebooks on mechanics, astronomy, anatomy, and his inventions
1510 -- Beginning of systematic importation of African slaves into the West Indies.
1513 -- Machiavelli's The Prince published.
1519 -- Spanish conquest of Mexico, enslavement of Amerindians.
1522 -- Hospitallers lose Rhodes to the Turks.
1530 -- Hospitallers given Isle of Malta by Charles V, become Knights of Malta.
1537 -- Assassination of Alessandro de Medici, Duke of Florence.
1543 -- Copernicus formed the hypothesis that the planets revolve around the sun.
1575 -- Approximate date of founding of British Intelligence services.
1575 to 1624 -- Life of Jakob Bohme, visionary mystic, illuminated one.
1576 – First Ironclad warship built by Oda Nobunaga, a major daimyo during the Sengoku period of Japanese history. He was the son of Oda Nobuhide, a minor warlord with meagre land holdings in Owari province. Nobunaga lived a life of continuous military conquest, eventually conquering most of Japan before his untimely death in 1582.
1584 -- Assassination of William I of Orange in England.
1587 -- English colony established at Roanoke Island, Virginia; no trace of the "lost colony" was found when supply ships returned three years later.
1589 -- Assassination of King Henry III of France.
1590 -- Janssen makes first compound microscope in Europe.
1597 -- Anonymous alchemist seeks to start Rosicrucian-like society in Europe.
1605 -- Rosicrucian constitution published.
1607 -- Italian secrect society headed by Count Bernard of Germany merges with Rosicrucianism. First permanent English settlement in America, Jamestown, Virgina.
1608 -- Apprentice to Dutch spectacle-maker Lippershey discovers principle of focusing lenses; Lippershey builds telescope.
1609 -- Galileo independently builds telescope, then microscope, begins study of astronomy. Spanish settlement at Santa Fe, New Mexico, founded.
1610 -- Assassination of King Henry IV of France.
1619 -- First slave ship in America, Jamestown, Virginia.
1620 -- Plymouth Colony, second English settlement, arrives on Mayflower.
1623 -- Final papal edict against Alumbrados; Guerinets appear in France. First submarine built by Cornelius van Drebbel in England.
1633 -- The Inquisition denounced Galileo.
1637 -- Descartes Published "Geometry".
1640 -- Beginning of subliminal persuasion when Rembrandt imbeds the word "sex" in a painting.
1642 -- Civil War in England between King Charles and Parliament. The Adding machine invented by Blaise Pascal.
1646 -- Earliest known Masonic Lodge to allow non-professional or "free" masons, in Warrington, England.
1647 -- Alleged correspondence between Cromwell and Ebeneezer Pratt plotting the overthrow of King Charles.
1649 -- King Charles convicted and beheaded by Parliament.
1650 -- Archbishop Usher estimated by reading the Bible that the earth was created on October 23, 4004 BC at 9:00 AM.
1657 – Pendulum clock invented by Christiaan Huygens.
1663 -- Paris becomes first European city with extensive sewer system.
1666 - Newton discovered glass prism separates white light into spectrum, and invented the calculus.
1667 -- Milton's Paradise Lost published.
1675 -- Leeuwenhoek discovers "animalcules" through the microscope.
1681 -- William Penn requires Pennsylvania settlers to preserve one acre of trees for every five acres cleared.
1687 -- Newton published "Principia", describing the laws of motion.
1689 -- William III of Orange becomes king of England.
1692 -- The first witchcraft trials in Salem, Massachusetts.
1694 -- Bank of England founded.
1698 – Steam engine invented by Thomas Savery
1702 -- First daily newspaper in England.
1704 -- Newton published "Opticks".
1714 – Mercury thermometer invented by Daniel Gabriel Farenheit
1734 -- Franklin elected Grand Master of Pennsylvania.
1749 -- Rousseau's spontaneous "enlightenment" launches the Romantic Movement.
1752 – Lightning rod invented by Ben Franklin.
1759 -- Voltaire's Candide published.
1760 -- Franklin invents bifocals.
1765 -- British Stamp Act imposed to help pay for the French and Indian War debt. Sons of Liberty clubs formed to resist the tax.
1767 -- Townshend Revenue Act, another British tax on the colonies. Kunta Kinte kidnapped into American slavery.
1768 -- Virginia's legislature dissolved for its opposition to the Townshend Act. Weishaupt graduates from the University of Ingolstadt, becomes tutor and catechist. Macfarguhar, Ball and Smelie begin compiling the Encyclopaedia Britannica. Mesmer commissions 12 year old Mozart's first opera, Bastien and Bastienne.
1769 – James Watt invented the steam engine.
1770 -- Boston Massacre: British troops fire into a crowd. Townshend Act repealed.
1771 -- Encyclopaedia Britannica published.
1773 -- British Tea Tax on colonies. Boston Tea Party in protest. Weishaupt marries. Franklin's “Rule by Which a Great Empire May Be Reduced to a Small One” published.
1774 -- Britain's "Intolerable Acts" designed to punish rebellious colonies. First Continental Congress. Washington begins training troops. Louis XVI becomes king of France. Casanova becomes secret agent for the Inquisitors of Venice. Catherine II shuts down satiric journals in Russia.
1775 -- Second Continental Congress authorizes naval warships, sets up secret committee to procure weapons, names Washington commander-in-chief of the new American Army. George III proclaims America in open rebellion. Initial battles of the Revolutionary War: Lexington, Bunker Hill, Toconderoga. Bushnell's first experimental submarine and torpedo tested. Prince Hall lodges (for blacks) chartered by Grand Lodge of London, rejected by American lodges. English scientist Percival Pott finds that coal is causing an unusually high incidence of cancer among chimney sweeps.
1776 -- American Declaration of Independence, written by Jefferson, adopted by Continental Congress. Battles of Long Island, White Plains and Trenton. Nathan Hale executed as spy by British. Franklin becomes ambassador to France, is affiliated with French Masonic lodges. Opening of Freemasons' Hall, permanent headquarters of English Masonry. Cagliostro initiated into Masonry. Saigon captured by Tay Son brothers. Aaron Burr serves as assistant to Benedict Arnold. Thomas Paine's Common Sense and The Crisis widely read. Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations published.
1777 -- Articles of Confederation adopted by Continental Congress. Battles of Bennington, Brandywine, Germantown, Princeton and Saratoga. War of Bavarian Secession begins.
1778 -- France recognizes American independence, signs treaty and provides aid. Samuel Crompton invented the spinning mule idea. It was a combination of the water frame (created by Richard Arkwright) and the spinning jenny (created by James Hargreaves}. The mule produced strong, but thin yarn, which was suitable for any kind of textile. The development of the mule, so named because it represented the hybridization of two previous and separate inventions, was a step towards increased textile production in factories as the mule was too large for most homes. Later, the mule was run off of a steam engine.
1779 -- Benedict Arnold becomes a traitor and spy for the British. War of Bavarian Secession ends.
1781 -- Battle of Guilford Court House, surrended of Cornwallis at Yorktown. John Hanson becomes first President of the United States in Congress Assembled. Critique of Pure Reason published.
1782 -- British cabinet agrees to recognize American independence, preliminary agreement signed in Paris. Hanson commissions the "Eye in the Pyramid" Great Seal, finishes term; Elias Boudinot elected second President of Congress Assembled.
1783 -- Treaty signed between America and England. Washington disbands army, resigns. Hanson dies. Thomas Mifflin third President of Congress Assembled. Rite of Swedenborg founded by Marquis de Throne. Eclectic Rite founded by Baron Knigge in Frankfort.
1784 -- Treaty with England ratified by Congress. Richard Henry Lee fourth President of Congress Assembled. Bavarian Monarch Carl Theodore outlaws secret societies.
1785 -- French "Diamond Necklace" affair. Napoleon graduates military school. Franklin returns to America; Jefferson becomes French ambassador.
1786 -- Nathaniel Gorham fifth President of Congress Assembled. Napoleon writes pamphlete defending Rousseau.
1787 -- Arthur St. Clair sixth President of Congress Assembled. Jefferson meets secretly in Paris with Brazilian rebel to discuss American aid to revolution in Brazil. Shay's Rebellion in Massachusetts to protest unfair taxes. Goethe visits Cagliostro's family in Palermo. Society for the Abolition of the African Slave-Trade founded in London.
1788 -- American Constitution ratified by the states. Individual American states begin to outlaw slavery. Cyrus Griffen seventh President of Congress Assembled. Paine visits London and Paris. The Federalist essays published by Hamilton, Madison and Jay.
1789 -- Washington elected President of the United States; first Congress under new Constitution. Jefferson returns to U.S. to become first Secretary of State; Hamilton becomes first Secretary of the Treasury. French Revolution begins.
1790 -- Rebellion and massacre throughout France. Blake's Marriage of Heaven and Hell published.
1791 -- First Bank of the United States chartered. Mozart's The Magic Flute, performed.
1792 -- Washington re-elected. War between France and Austria. Massacres of September, in which priests, bishops and others are killed. Elections for the National Convention, a triumph for Robespierre and his followers. France declared a Republic. Life of Joseph Balsamo translated into English in Dublin. Assassination of Gustav III at the Stockholm opera.
1793 -- Year One of the French Republic; the Reign of the Terror by Robespierre begins, Louis XVI found guilty of conspiracy, condemned to be executed. France declares war on England and the Dutch United Provinces; war breaks out with Spain and Austria; Russia and Prussia begin partition of Poland. French food riots. Whitney invented the cotton gin.
1794 -- Year Two; France passes laws distributing confiscated property to the poor, leads victorious battle against Austrians. Monroe becomes minister to France. Whiskey rebellion in Pennsylvania to protest liquor taxes. Fall of Robespierre.
1795 -- France makes peace with Prussia and Spain, invades Holland. Napoleon suppresses revolt in Paris and goes to Italy as Commander-in-Chief. Yazoo land fraud: bribed Georgia legislators sell Mississippi.
1796 -- Adams elected President. Jenner discovered smallpox vaccination.
1798 --. French occupy Rome and capture the Pope, Pius VI. Bonaparte launches Egyptian Expedition
1799 -- Discovery of the Rosetta Stone. Manhattan Company formed to build water line. Company survives as Chase Manhattan Bank.
1800 -- Ampere discovered properties of magnetic field produced by electric current. Volta invented the battery.
1803 -- Louisiana Purchase.
1804 – Napoleon declared Emperor of France
1805 – Battle of Trafalgar
1806 – British take over the Cape of Good Hope
1807 -- Fulton invented the steamboat.
1812 – Napoleon Launches his disastrous campaign for Moscow
1814 -- Stephenson invented the locomotive engine
1815 – The battle of Waterloo
1818 -- Mary Shelley's Frankenstein published.
1819 -- Liberation of Columbia by Bolivar.
1820 -- Reformer and Parliamentarian Jeremy Bentham writes The Constitutional Code, including proposals for reforming London medical assistance system and water, sewer and public works districts.
1822 -- Equador liberated by Bolivar.
1825 -- Decembrist movement suppressed in Russia after brief uprising. Bolivar liberates Bolivia. Founding of Vienna bank by Solmon Rothschild and Naples bank by Carl Rothschild. Brown discovered Brownian motion.
1830 -- Book of Mormon published. The first railroad (between Liverpool and Manchester, England).
1833 -- Jackson orders U.S. funds withdrawn from Bank of the United States, effectively killing the institution.
1834 -- Louis Braille perfects his Braille system.
1835 -- The socialist League of the Just founded in Paris, later becoming the Marxist Communist League. Attempted assassination of Jackson with two single shot pistols, both of which jammed. Revolver invented. Ralph Waldo Emerson writes the essay Nature.
1841 -- William Henry Fox Talbot obtained a patent for the calotype process, aware that Daguerre was working on patenting the “Daguerreotype” for a similar photographic collodion process.
1844 -- Bahai religion begins when the Bab proclaims his mission in Persia. Morse sent the first telegraph message “ What hath god wrought?”.
1845 – Start of the Irish Potato Famine.
1848 -- Public Health Act is passed by a reluctant Parliament fearful of spread of cholera. National Board of Health and local boards to regulate water supply, sewerage, offensive trades. Smoke abatement becomes a political responsibility of the health department.Fall of monarchy in France. Republic established in Rome. Abdication of Ferdinand I in Austria. Revolts in Denmark, Ireland, Lombardy, Schleswig-Holstein and Venice. Germany briefly united in a parliament at Frankfort; unity destroyed by the King of Prussia. Marx and Engles publish the Communist Manifesto and travel in France and Germany encouraging discontent with the Establishment. Woman's Suffrage Movement gets underway in Seneca Falls, New York. Captain M'Quahae of H.M.S. Daedalus reports seeing a "huge, unknown creature" in the ocean. Gold discovered in California.
1849 to 1936 -- Life of Sir Basil Zaharoff, "mystery man of Europe," who made a fortune as an armaments dealer and financier, selling weapons to both sides in World War I and other conflicts.
1852 – England hosts the first World’s fair in London
1852 -- Benjamin elected to Congress. Gyroscope invented by Léon Foucault.
1854-1856 – Crimean War
1854 -- Henry David Thoreau writes Walden.
1857 – Indian Mutiny against British rule.
1858 -- Undersea telegraph cable: Fredrick Newton Gisborne
1859 -- Oil wells invented, Titusville, Penn. Darwin published "On The Origin of Species".
1860 -- Lincoln elected. Electric storage battery invented.
1860s -- Attempts to suppress the Mafia in Sicily are unsuccessful.
1861 -- Confederate states secede; elect Jefferson Davis president; Benjamin appointed Confederate Attorney General, later Secretary of War. American Civil War begins. Emancipation of serfs in Russia.
1862 -- Benjamin appointed Confederate Secretary of State. Pasteurization invented by Louis Pasteur and Claude Bernard.
1863 -- Rockfeller builds his first refinery.
1865 -- Assassination of Lincoln; Andrew Johnson becomes president; "Booth" killed; coded message found among his effects; the code key later found in possession of Benjamin, alleged Rothschild agent. Civil War ends. Thirteenth amendment abolishes slavery.
1866 -- Ku Klux Klan founded as a social club in Pulaski, Tennessee. Benjamin flees to England. Death of Phineas Quimby, magnetic healer, founder of Free Thought movement, teacher of Mary Baker Eddy.
1867 -- Ku Klux Klan reorganized along political and racial lines near Nashville, Tennessee.
1868 -- Assassination of Thomas D'Arcy McGee, first political assassination in Canada.
1869 -- Mendeleev composes first periodic table of the elements in Russia. U.S. transcontinental railroad completed. Suez Canal is completed.
1870 -- Standard Oil Company incorporated. First coal mine safety laws passed in Pennsylvania following a fire that suffocated 179 men. The Franco-Prussian war begins and is fought for one year.
1872 -- Adding machine: Edmund D. Barbour
1875 -- "Whiskey Ring" conspiracy of distillery owners revealed. Madam Blavatsky founds Theosophy Society. Mary Baker Eddy's Science and Health published.
1875 to 1947 -- Life of Aleister Crowley, the Great Beast, Golden Dawn leader and occult figure.
1876 -- Battle of the Little Big Horn. Bell patents telephone. Otto builds four-cycle gasoline engine. The first World’s fair in the United states is held in Philidelphia.
1877 -- Edison invented the phonograph.
1879 -- Edison invented the electric light bulb.
1880 -- Roll film invented by George Eastman
1882 -- Edison created the first large power station in NYC.
1885 -- Eastman invented the box camera.
1888 -- Unsolved murders of London prostitutes by "Jack the Ripper," suspected of being one of those implicated in the Cleveland Street Affair involving high-society Victorians and their patronage of a brothel staffed by messenger boys. Edison invented the kinetoscope. Hertz discovered radio waves, verifying Maxwell's prediction of electromagnetic waves.
1889 -- Second Communist International organized.
1891 -- Rhodes gains control of 90% of world's diamond supply. The Round Tables, a secret society allegedly funded by Rhodes and the Rothschilds to gain financial and political power, founded in the U.S., Canada, Australia, India, South Africa and New Zealand. Rockefeller grant founds University of Chicago. Nikola Tesla invents Tesla coil, becomes U.S. citizen.
1892 -- Rockefeller trust transferred to holding company: Standard Oil of New Jersey. The beginning of color photography credited to Frederic E. Ives. Sierra Club founded.
1893 -- Assassination of Chicago Mayor Harrison.
1894 -- Assassination of President Carnot of France.
1895 -- Marconi invented antenna and wireless telegraph (short distance). Roentgen discovered x-rays.
1896 -- Maconi's patent No. 7777 for radio.
1897 -- Assassination of Premier Canovas of Spain. Zionism founded in Basil, Switzerland by Theodore Herzl.
1898 -- Assassination of Empress Elizabeth of Austria.
1899 -- Tesla discovers terrestrial stationary waves which can produce electricity. Marconi established wireless telegraph service between England and France.
1900 -- Freud published "The Interpretation of Dreams”. Boxer rebellion in China.
1901 -- Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research (Rockefeller University) founded in New York. First trans- Atlantic radio broadcast (wireless telegraph): Marconi sends the letter S.
1902 -- Discovery of Tyrannosaurus Rex. Paul and Felix Warburg immigrate from Germany to the U.S. Rockefeller General Education Board founded.
1903 -- Assassination of Bogdanovich, Governor of Ufa. Wright brothers' airplane remained in flight for 12 seconds.
1904 -- Assassination of Russian Premier Vischelev von Plehev. Tractor invented by Benjamin Holt.
1905 -- Abortive revolution in Russia. Einstein published papers on Brownian motion, the photoelectric effect, and the special theory of relativity. National Audubon Society organized. U.S. Forest Service created.
1906 -- Thomson discovered the electron. Food and Drug Administration founded.
1907 -- Financial panic and depression allegedly caused by J.P. Morgan to gain support for the central bank concept. Color photography: Auguste and Louis Lumiere.
1908 -- Assassination of King Carl of Prussia and Crown Prince of Portugal. FBI founded. Founding of the Armanen Initiates, another proro-Nazi secret society. Ford produced the Model T automobile. The year of the "Tunguska event" - major damage to a forest region in Siberia caused by a comet or meteorite.
1910 -- Secret meeting of bankers and politicians at Jekyll Island, Georgia, results in Federal Reserve Act.
1911 -- Assassination of Prime Minister Staliapin of Russia by police double agent. Standard Oil of New Jersey broken up as illegal monopoly.
1912 -- Assassination of Primier Canalegas of Spain. Attempted assassination of Teddy Roosevelt.
1913 -- Assassination of George I of Greece. Rockefeller Foundation founded. Edison invented motion pictures with sound. Ford added the assembly line to his automobile plant.
1914 -- Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria World War I begins.
1915 -- Sinking of the Lusitania by German submarine; allegedly carrying secret munitions for the Allies, the ship supposedly sacrificed by British and American authorities to drum up war hysteria in U.S. Alfred Wegener proposed theory of continental drift, receives ridicule and contempt from his fellow scientists. Ku Klux Klan revived.
1916 -- Assassination of Rasputin.
1917 -- United States enters World War I. Russian Revolution begins; Cheka, secret police of Bolsheviks, founded.
1918 -- Assassination of Russian Czar Nicholas II and his family. Attempted assassination of Lenin. First World War warring parties accepted Woodrow Wilson's “Fourteen Points” which became the basis for the League of Nations. House came to Woodrow Wilson’s position from an elite circle of friends known as the “Inquiry”: Paul Warburg, J. P. Morgan, John D. Rockefeller, John W. Davis, among others, all of whom had direct interest in the Federal Reserve System and great interest in the League of Nations.
1919 -- Founding of Thule Society in Germany; Hitler recruited. League of Nations founded at Paris Peace Conference. Meeting at the Majestic Hotel, Paris, between Wilsonian intellectuals (House, Dulles and Dulles, etc.) and "like-minded Englishmen" to discuss forming an organization "for the study of international affairs." Royal Institute of International Affairs founded. Freud draws attention to Austrian neurologist Poetzl's experiments with the tachistroscope, an early device for studying subliminal perception. Hitler joins the German Workers' Party.
1920s -- Assassination of estimated 400 German public figures begins. U.S. entry into League of Nations blocked in Senate. Development of modern advertising techniques emphasizing manipulation rather than information.
1920 -- GWP becomes the National Socialist German Worker's Party. Senate refused to ratify the League of Nations. Senate arranged an assembly of dignitaries from which was created the Institute of International Affairs which had two branches. In London, it was called the Royal Institute of International Affairs (RIIA); in New York, it was called the Council on Foreign Relations (CFR), formed officially July 29, 1921.
1921 -- Council on Foreign Relations incorporated. The founding President of the CFR was John W. Davis, personal attorney to J. P. Morgan. Paul Cravath and Russell Leffingwell, both Morgan associates, were also among the founding officers. Money for the new organizations was provided by J. P. Morgan, Bernard Baruch, Otto Kahn, Jacob Schiff, Paul Warburg, and John D. Rockefeller, the same people involved in the forming of the Federal Reserve. The purpose of the CFR was to create a stream of scholarly literature to promote the benefits of world government, and attract a membership of rich intellectuals who could influence the direction of foreign policy in America. The CFR, supported by the world's wealthiest foundations and individuals, has been extremely successful. Its flagship publication, Foreign Affairs, is the port-of-entry for many ideas that become public policy. The U.S. delegation to the founding conference of the United Nations included 47 members of the CFR. The CFR began to rebuild its plans for a world government, and a new competitor arose on Russia's eastern border. Hitler takes over the NSGWP.
1922 -- National Coast Anti Pollution League formed in New Jersey to stop oil dumping. Photography : First mass production photo machine: Arthur C. Pillsbury. Cheka reorganized as GPU, Russian secret police. CFR journal Foreign Affairs founded. King Tutankhamen's tomb opened in Egypt, thus invoking "King Tut's Curse”
1923 -- Assassination of Pancho Villa in Mexico. Founding of Hitler's National-Socialist (Nazi) Party in Germany. International Police (Interpol) founded in Vienna. Freud published "The Ego and the Id".
1924 -- J. Edgar Hoover takes over FBI. During Mars' closest approach radios around the world went off the air in order to allow interception of any possible messages from space; when translated onto photographic tape, signals received produced crudely drawn faces. Lenin dies.
1925 -- Lionel Curtis organizes the Institutes of Pacific Relations in at least ten countries for the Round Table Group.
1926 -- Suicide of synchronicity researcher Paul Krammerer, biologist, freemason.
1927 -- Rise of the CFR due to Rockefeller and other foundation funding. Big bang theory introduced, and the first television transmission (England).
1928 -- Antibiotics invented by Alexander Fleming
1929 -- CFR moves to Harold Pratt Building on 68th Street. Great Depression begins. Hubble discovered that the galaxies are moving away from each other, causing an expansion of the universe.
1930 -- Pavlov begins applying knowledge of conditioned reflex to human psychosis.
1930s -- Mafia becomes integral part of the U.S. organized crime. Continuing political assassinations accompany Nazi rise to power.
1932 -- Chadwick discovered the neutron.
1933 -- Attempted assassination of Franklin Roosevelt; Chicago mayor Cermak killed. FDR orders use of Great Seal of the U.S. on reverse side of the dollar bill. Reichstag Fire, set by Nazis, used to suspend civil liberties.
1934 -- Assassination of S.M. Kirov, Soviet leader and Stalin collaborator. Russian GPU renamed NKVD. Beginning of Hitler's Black Order. Unexplained "ghostflier" broadcasts in Sweden.
1935 -- Assassination of Senator Huey Long. First lobotomy performed by Egas Moniz in Lisbon.
1936 -- Beginning of Moscow Purge trials in which numerous communist leaders were brainwashed into false confessions and then executed. National Wildlife Federation formed.
1937 -- Spanish Civil War begins. First of 48 "Lost Colony" stones found in North Carolina; stones supposedly tell the story of lost Roanoke Island colony. Amelia Earhart Putnam, aviator, disappears.
1938 -- Hahn, Strassmann, Meitner and Frisch discovered nuclear fission. Assassination of Leon Sedov, Trotsky's son; first assassination attempt against Trotsky. Nazi invasion of Austria; Interpol exiled -- or taken over by Nazis; German expedition to Antarctica stakes out 600,000 square kilometers, lands near the South Pole. Electroshock treatment discovered. Orson Welles' dramatization of H.G. Wells' War of the Worlds scares American radio listeners.
1939 -- FM radio invented by Edwin H. Armstrong. View-master invented by William Gruber. Automated teller machine invented by Luther George Simjian. Helicopter invented by Igor Sikorsky. Attorney Leon Cooke, friend of Jack Ruby and financial secretary of the union which employed Ruby, killed by union president Jack Martin; union subsequently taken over by Mafia. League of Nations suspended. Germany invades Poland; World War II begins. CFR offers it services to U.S. State Dept. Interpol grouped with Gestapo. Amateur radio astronomer Grote Reber receives dot-dash signal from space.
1940 -- Assassination of Leon Trotsky in Mexico. British secret police renamed MI-5 and MI-6 for duration of war. Interpol moved to near Berlin, with Reinhard Heydrich in charge.
1941 -- Japan attacks U.S. Fleet at Pearl Harbor, allegedly through the maneuvering of Roosevelt and his advisors to provide an excuse to enter the war. Donovan made head of new Office of Coordinator of Information.
1942 -- Assassination of Interpol chief Heydrich in Czechloslavakia. Donovan's OCI evolves into the Office of Strategic Services (OSS). Establishment of the Manhattan Project to develop an atomic bomb, and Fermi produced the first nuclear chain reaction in an experiment.
1943 -- Nazi Admiral Doenitz boasts the German submarine fleet has built "in another part of the world a Shangri-La on land, an impregnable fortress." Juan Peron and other pro-Nazi leaders take power in Argentina.
1944 -- Nazis begin sending millions of dollars worth of jewels, paintings and cash to Argentina for safe keeping. Russian NKVD reorganized as MGB. Donovan prepares plan for Roosevelt to establish a central intelligence agency which is pigeonholed, later reconsidered by Truman. American band leader Glenn Miller disappears on unarmed flight over the English Channel. The Dumbarton Oaks Conversations (August, 1944) which produced the World Bank, also settled political and legal issues that were drafted into the UN Charter.
1945 -- Nuclear weapons were invented, ( however, chain reaction theory was invented in1933). The first atomic bomb was detonated at Hiroshima, Japan -- about 70,000 people were killed instantly; about 30,000 more people died within several weeks. Roosevelt dies, Truman becomes president. Mussolini killed. First atomic bombs dropped. World War II ends. General Gehlen, Head of Nazi Intelligence, captured by U.S. Army and flown to Washington; other Nazi and British agents imported to U.S., along with Werner Von Braun and other developers of the V-2 rockets. Interpol dissolved -- or reorganized with headquarters in Paris, the story varies. OSS disbanded, its agents moving to military intelligence agencies and the State Dept. CFR allegedly takes over State Dept. United Nations founded. "Official beginning of Bermuda Triangle mystery," when Flight 19, made up of five naval bombers, disappears off the coast of Florida; another plane sent to investigate also disappears -- 6 planes and 27 men vanished. The Yalta Summit (February, 1945) produced a compromise which gave the Soviets three votes (USSR, Byelorussia, and the Ukraine) in exchange for voting procedures demanded by the U.S.
1946 -- John Kennedy and Richard Nixon elected to House of Representatives. Truman's executive order sets up the National Intelligence Authority and Central Intelligence Group. Gehlen returns to Germany to continue intelligence work for U.S. Army. Interpol reorganization meeting held in Brussels. The UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) brought together existing international food programs in 1946 and began its World Food Program in 1963.
1947 -- Partition of India receives "strong impetus from the Round Table Group." National Security Act establishes Dept. of Defense, National Security Council and Central Intelligence Agency. France creates SDECE, similar to CIA. Researchers at Bell Labs invented the transistor. The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) was created.
1948 -- Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi. Beginning of Operation Ohio, a CIA program responsible for one hundred European assassinations during the next ten years. Martin Bormann reported living in Argentina. New nation of Israel creates Central Institute for Intelligence and Security. World Council of Churches founded in Amsterdam. Federal Water Pollution Control Act; beginning of active House and Senate Public Works Committee interest in water pollution. The World Health Organization (WHO) was created.
1949 -- Report critical of CIA filed and forgotten, unread by Truman; Central Intelligence Act exempts CIA from disclosure laws. E. Howard Hunt becomes CIA agent; Clay Shaw becomes agent for CIA's Domestic Contact Service. The Gehlen Organization transferred to CIA control. U.S. Army begins 20 years of simulated germ warfare attacks against American cities, conducting at least 239 open air tests. Interpol granted consultive status by UN. Chaing Kai-shek flees to Formosa; mainland China taken by communist leaders; Social Affairs Dept. and other Chinese secret police created. Trial of Cardinal Mindszenty in Hungary following his brainwashing and confession of conspiracy. The UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East (UNRWA) was created. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) which had existed since 1865 was folded into the UN system this year.
1950 -- Attempted assassination of Truman by Puerto Rican nationalists. Korean War begins. Congress passes McCarran's Internal Security Act setting up program for detention of subversives. U.S. Army engages in "simulated" germ warfare in San Francisco and the Pentagon. National Council of Churches founded in U.S. CIA organizes the Pacific Corporation, a large holding company which was the first of many CIA "private" enterprises. Approximate starting date of building of Mount Weather, American government fortress. Korean War begins. Nixon elected to Senate. U.S. Army engages in "simulated" germ warfare in San Francisco and the Pentagon. National Council of Churches founded in U.S. CIA organizes the Pacific Corporation, a large holding company which was the first of many CIA "private" enterprises. Malcolm X in prison. Approximate starting date of building of Mount Weather.
1951 – Walter Zinn invents the first Nuclear Power Reactor. Assassination of Ali Razmara of Iran, Riad Al-Sulh and Abdullah of Jordan and Ali Knah Liaquat of Pakistan. Army simulated germ warfare project in Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania. Approximate date CBS begins active cooperation with CIA. North Korean brainwashing of American prisoners begins. Time magazine popularizes the term brainwashing. The UN High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) was created.
1952 – Edward Teller and Stanislaw Ulam invent the first fusion bomb. Christopher Cockerell invents the hovercraft. Eisenhower elected president, Nixon vice-president; Kennedy elected to Senate. Army germ warfare project in Key West, Florida, and Ft. McCellan, Alabama.
1953 -- Army germ warfare project in Panama City, Florida. Return of Korean War prisoners, including some who underwent brainwashing. The UN's International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) was created.
1954 – Buckminster Fuller invents the Geodesic Dome. First Bilderberger meeting takes place at the Bilderberg Hotel, Oosterbeek, Holland. Condemnation by the U.S. Senate of Joseph McCarthy following his charges of subversion in high places. Hunt involved in CIA overthrow of communist regime in Guatemala, Carlos Castillo-Armas becomes president. Richard Bissell joins the CIA. Army germ warfare project in Point Mugu and Fort Hueneme, California. Russian KGB created to replace earlier secret police.
1955 – Reynold Johnson with IBM invents the first hard drive. Assassination of Jose Antonio Remon of Panama and Adnan Al-Malki of Syria.
1956 -- Congress passes Water Pollution Control Act.
1957 – Alfred Fielding along with Marc Chavannes make Bubble Wrap. Assassination of Carlos Castillo-Armas of Guatemala. Exiled Ukranian politician Lev Rebet assassinated by KGB agent in Munich. CIA helps Iran form SAVAK, secret police later accused of assassination Iranian dissidents. The first artificial satellite, Sputnik, put into earth orbit.
1958 – The first integrated circuit made by Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments and Robert Noyce at Fairchild Semiconductor. The first communications satellite made by Kenneth Masterman-Smith. Assassination of Abdul Llah, Faisal II and Nuri Al-Said of Iraq. Russia launches first space satellites. U.S. Congress established NASA. John Birch Society organized by Robert Welch. Nelson Rockefeller elected governor of New York.
1959 -- Assassination of Solomon W.R. Bandaranaike of Ceylon. Fidel Castro assumes power in Cuba; Cuban Intelligence (DGI) begun. Condon's The Manchurian Candidate published.
1960 -- Development and approval of the birth control pill. Assassination of Hazza Majali of Jordan. Eisenhower authorizes training and arming Cuban exiles, allegedly issues orders for the assassination of Congolese leader Patrice Lumumba. Nixon, CIA agent Bissell and others plan Bay of Pigs invasion, obtain permission to use Guatemala as launching point. CIA spy Powers shot down in U-2 over Russia; summit conference cancelled. Kennedy-Nixon debates; Kennedy elected president. Oswald assigned job in Bellorussian Radio Factory in Minsk, USSR. Thornley discharged from Marines. Project Ozma, searching for intelligent signals from another part of the universe, receives unexplained signals from space.
1961 -- Assassination of Lumumba of the Congo, Rafael Trujillo Molina of the Dominican Republic and Louis Rivagasore of Nurundi. Attempted assassination of Castro by Hans Tanner. Michael Rockefeller disappears in New Guinea. the CIA invasion of Cuba at the Bay of Pigs, launched from Guatemala, fails due to poor planning and cancellation of support by Kennedy; the CIA, the Mob, Cuban-exiles, right-wingers and Nixonites supposedly vow revenge against Kennedy. Unidentified Marine from Minsk divulges information to CIA agent in Copenhagen. General Walker resigns after criticism of his anti-communist indoctrination of troops. U.S. Military Advisor Group begins defoliation project in Vietnam which eventually covers over 12% of land area. Milgram's Yale experiments demonstrating dangers of obedience to authority. A person orbited the earth for the first time (Yuri Gagarin). Formation of the World Wildlife Fund (WWF). Newly elected President John F. Kennedy presented a disarmament plan: Freedom From War: The United States Program for General and Complete Disarmament in a Peaceful World.
1962 -- Suicide of Marilyn Monroe. CIA interference in Ecuadorian politics. CIA begins using secret terror teams in Vietnam, roots of Operation Phoenix. Cuban missile crisis. De Mohrenschildt, friend of the Kennedys, befriends the Oswalds in Dallas. A new and improved version of the Freedom From War disarmament plan was presented in May, called: Blueprint for the Peace Race: Outline of Basic Provisions of a Treaty on General and Complete Disarmament in a Peaceful World released by the U.S. Arms Control and Disarmament Agency.
1963 -- Assassination of Sylvanus Olympio of Togo, Abdul Karim Kassem of Iraq, Medgar Evers of US, Ngo Dinh Diem of South Vietnam and John Kennedy of US; Texas Gov. John Connally wounded, police officer Tippit and Oswald killed. Johnson becomes president; almost immediately reverses JFK's decision to withdraw from Vietnam. CIA begins weather modification project over Hue, Vietnam. Equadorian government overthrown. Russia sends first woman into space. Rachel Carson writes Silent Spring.
1964 -- Assassination of Jigme P. Dorji of Bhutan.
1965 -- Assassination of Pierre Ngendandumwe of Burundi, Hassan Ali Mansour of Iran, Malcolm X of US and Mario Mendez Montenegro of Guatemala. On the day Malcolm was killed Pio Ghana de Pinto, who had been working with him to coordinate poor Americans and Third World Africans, was machine-gunned at his home in Africa. Fighting in Vietnam escalates into major war. US Army explores sites in the Middle East for potential locations for nuclear devices intended to set off earthquakes. Early prison behaviour mod program, CASE, begins in Washington, D.C., boys school. Durham involved in various Mafia activities and acts as informer for police, possibly CIA. The first "space walk" (Soviet Union).
1966 -- Assassination of Sir Abubakar Balewa of Nigeria, J.T.V. Ironsi Aquiyi of Nigeria and Hendrick F. Verwoerd of South Africa. Attempted assassination of James Meredith in US. CIA begins weather modification experiments over Cuba, later used in an attempt to ruin Castro's sugar cane crop. Army simulated germ warfare project in New York City. The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) was created.
1967 -- Che Guevara killed in Bolivia after CIA questioning. CIA's Operation Phoenix, which was to assassinate and torture over 40,000 in Vietnam, officially launched. Beginning of CIA's $21 million rain-making program over Indochina which would make 2,600 sorties by 1972. Winthrop Rockefeller elected governor of Arkansas. Black Panther party formed. Military takeover of Greece allegedly executed by secret Operation Prometheus. Australian Prime Minister disappears while swimming. The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) was established.
1968 -- Assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr., in Memphis, Tennessee, and Robert Kennedy in Los Angeles, California. FBI informer William O'Neal infiltrates Chicago Black Panthers, becomes chief of security, Los Angeles police establish Criminal Conspiracy Section which employs Donald DeFreeze, Louis Tackwood, Ron Karenga, the Steiner brothers and other agents to infiltrate prison reform and black power groups. CIA penetrates the Students for a Democratic Society at Columbia College; National Caucus of Labor Committees (NCLC) formed within the SDS. Congress creates LEAA to fund state and local police programs. Human beings orbited the moon for the first time (Apollo 8). Unexplained distress signals from the mid-Pacific received by radio stations, no ships found during search. Continental drift theory confirmed.
1969 -- First manned lunar landing (Apollo 11). New York Times reveals secret US bombing of Cambodia; Nixon authorizes phone taps of Kissinger's staff to discover leak. Woodstock rock festival in New York state draws well over half a million.
1970 -- Attempted assassination of Pope Paul VI. Reuther dies in plane crash under suspicious circumstances. US Army experts complete a "mock assassination" project against the president and Congress, demonstrating that determined terrorists could wipe out US leaders through use of chemical of germ warfare. US invasion of Cambodia; Kent State killings; massive protests. Nixon staffers develop the Huston Plan and "Plumbers Unit" in plot to use police and intelligence agencies at all levels for political purposes. FBI/police attacks on Black Panthers in Seattle, Baltimore, New Bedford, Philadelphia, New Orleans, Toledo, Detroit and Carbondale. Asia’s first World’s Fair is held in Osaka, Japan.
1971 – The first microprocessor and pocket calculator made. David Noble with IBM invents the floppy disk. Assassination of Wasfi Tal of Jordan. Pentagon Papers published.
1972 -- Assassination of Abeid Karume of Zanzibar. Black Abductor, anticipating the Hearst kidnapping, published by unknown California publisher. Exposure and defeat of planned psychosurgery program at Vacaville; CARE behavior mod program begins at Marion, Illinois; START program begins at Springfield, Missouri; Joliet unit closed. The Clean Water Act begins. U.S. launched Skylab space station.
1973 -- the Endangered Species Act begins. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) had already launched a Regional Seas Program.
1974 – The first hybrid vehicle works by Victor Wouk.
1976 -- Cosmic string theory was introduced.
1977 – Bell Labs invents the first cellular mobile phone. Voyager spacecraft launched; contained recording of earth sounds, including music and greetings in 55 Earth languages.
1979 -- First "test tube baby" from artificial insemination.
1981 -- Iranian hostage crisis ends as President Reagan assumes office, President Reagan shot, first woman Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Conner nominated, two Libyan jets shot down, MTV videos, economy falters, IBM introduces the personal computer to the public, Reagan fires Air Traffic Control strikers, Joe Louis dies. U.S. launched the first space shuttle, Columbia.
1982 -- Secretary of State Alexander Haig resigns, US Marines land in Beirut, Air Florida jet crashes into a bridge in Washington DC, Reagan proposes MX missile deployment scheme, recession peaks with falling unemployment and cost of living, Penn Square bank closes, first space shuttle flight, first artificial heart. First launch of communications satellites into orbit by space shuttle. World Resources Institute (WRI).
1983 – Sony comes out with the first camcorder. Car bomb destroys US embassy in Beirut, USSR downs South Korean Airliner, US invades Grenada, US withdraws from UNESCO, cable TV and video tape players take off, Ira Gershwin and Harry James die, Sally ride first woman and Guion Bluford first black in space, WPPSS nuclear project defaults on bond holders, the Cabbage Patch Doll, holiday named for Martin Luther King Jr.
1984 -- After 117 years US resumes diplomatic relations with the Vatican, US Marines withdraw from Lebanon, Ronald Reagan reelected, Duck turns 50, AIDS virus identified, chicken pox vaccine developed, LA holds Olympics without the Russians and most of the rest of the Eastern Block (this was in retaliation for President Carter's Olympics boycott in 1980 over Afghanistan. Discovery of ozone hole over Antarctica.
1985 -- Reagan imposes sanctions on South Africa for apartheid, the Titanic is located, Rock Hudson dies of AIDS, US dollar devalued, leaded gasoline banned, Christa McAuliffe chosen to be first teacher on a space shuttle mission, Coke backtracks and retains Coca-Cola classic, North American Soccer League folds, Roger Maris dies, Nolan fans his 4000th batter.
1986 -- Libyan sanctions imposed, US air strikes against Libya, William Rehnquist named Chief Justice, International Court of Justice rules US actions against Nicaragua are illegal, The Challenger Accident, Income Tax reform passed, Iran-Contra affair exposed, Robert Penn Warren becomes official Poet Laureate of US, genetic engineered organisms, Hand Across America, Greg LeMond wins Tour de France, Ivan Boesky brought down in Wall Street scandal. Soviet Union launched Mir space station.
1987 -- America celebrates the 200th anniversary of the Constitution, Congress overrides President Reagan's veto of the Clear Air Act, Tower Commission and Senate Committee reports condemn Reagan for Iran-Contra actions, Senate blocks nomination of Robert Bork to the Supreme Court, musical Les Miserables arrives from England, Alan Greenspan appointed to head Federal Reserve, the worst stock crash in history of the Wall Street, Mike Tyson wins heavyweight championship.
1988 -- George Bush is elected President, a PanAm 747 is downed by a terrorist bomb over Lockerbie, Scotland, Lt. Col. Oliver North is indicted in the Iran-Contra Affair, New York Summit between Ronald Reagan, Mikael Gorbachev and George Bush, "Phantom of the Opera" leads comeback of Broadway Theater, aspirin is found to have power to reduce heart attacks, severe drought strikes the agricultural midsection of the country, DuPont announces it will stop producing CFCs, FAX machines take off, Hyper-markets like Wal-mart and K-mart become the rage.
1989 -- US Forces enter Panama and capture Pres. Manuel Noriega for drug trafficking Cold War ends, Supreme Court OKs Flag burning, Panamanian dictator, Manuel Noriega, "declares war" on the USA in a speech, Richard Daley's son Richard becomes mayor of Chicago, Exxon Valdez oil spill, Batman follows Superman to the Big Screen, major earthquake in Northern California shakes up a World Series game, Alar (a chemical used to spray apples) is found to be carcinogenic, Hurricane Hugo.
1990 – The World Wide Web begins – Tim Berners-Lee. Iraq invades Kuwait and President Bush sends troops to the Persian Gulf, Oliver North's Iran-Contra convictions overturned, US sends aid to Russia, President "Read My Lips, No New Taxes" Bush raises taxes, Robert Mapplethorpe's Photography causes a stir in the "I don't know anything about Art, but I know what I like" circles and "Rap" music is condemned in Florida by Tipper Gore, NASA launches the HUBBLE space telescope only to find out it is optically flawed when it is deployed. Hubble Space Telescope launched; optical defect discovered.
1991 -- Operation Desert Storm is used by the US to defeat Iraq in the The Persian Gulf War, Clarence Thomas wins confirmation to the Supreme Court under charges of sexual harassment by former colleague Anita Hill, Charles Keating is at the center of the Savings and Loan scandal, four LA police accused of beating black motorist Rodney King, Biosphere II, Alzheimer's disease becomes big health issue, basketball star Ervin "Magic" Johnson announces he is HIV positive, the Navy Tailhook scandal. Discovery of the buried crater near the Yucatan Peninsula, dated at 65 million years old.
1992 -- William Clinton is elected President, US troops sent to Somalia, Manuel Noriega is convicted in Florida, Dan Quayle takes on "Murphy Brown", Hurricane Andrew, the States approve a Constitutional Amendment (approved by Congress in 1789) preventing mid-term pay-raises for Congress.
1993 – Global Positioning System used by the United States Department of Defense. Terrorist bombing of New York City's World Trade Center, Family and Medical Leave Act passes, abortion clinic murder of Dr. David Gunn, White House Aide Vincent Foster commits suicide, National Health Care given high priority by President Clinton and his wife Hillary, first women Attorney General Janet Reno sworn in, "Motor-voter" Law passes, "don't ask, don't tell" policy for homosexuals in the US military, NAFTA passes, home computers and the "internet" take off, Mississippi overflows in spectacular flood, David Koresh and his Branch Davidian followers die in standoff with Federal officers.
1994 -- Ice skater Nancy Kerrigan attacked during practice by associates of her competitor Tonya Harding, major earthquake in Los Angeles, grunge rocker Kurt Cobain commits suicide, O. J. Simpson accused of killing his ex-wife Nicole, Susan Smith drowns her own children and blames a fictional black car-jacker, Michael Jackson marries Lisa Marie Presley, CIA agent Aldrich Ames caught working for the Russians, Republican's sweep the Congress in off year elections, young American caned in Singapore, Cubans and Haitians flee to America and California bans immigrants' access to public services, assault weapon ban, GATT trade agreement, Richard Nixon and Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis die. Hubble Space Telescope confirmed existence of a black hole.
1995 -- U.S. commits soldiers to Bosnian peace effort, O. J. Simpson Trial, Oklahoma City bombing, stock market soars to new highs, many die in mid-western heat wave, the "Contract" with America, Republican party gains control of Congress, Newt Gingrich named Speaker of the House, Jonas Salk dies, Federal Budget impasse, The Internet, Mickey Mantle dies, the TimePage is started. the second U.S./Russian space docking (Atlantis and Mir).
1996 -- Commerce Secretary Ron Brown killed in a plane crash in Bosnia, Ted Kaczynski arrested as the Unabomber, 7 year old Jessica Dubroff dies in attempt to set a age record for flying cross-country, Value-jet flight 592 goes down in the Everglades and TWA flight 800 goes down off Long Island, Clinton's Whitewater scandal and the OJ Simpson legal battles continue, the Centennial Olympic summer games in Atlanta marred when a pipe bomb explodes in a park, Spiro Agnew and Alger Hiss die, William Clinton re-elected, Gene Kelly and George Burns die, sexual scandal among officers and recruits in the Army, Boeing takes over McDonald-Douglas. Pope John Paul II affirmed evolution by natural selection.
1997 -- America is pummeled by world events as it mourns the loss of Princess Diana and Mother Theresa, grapples with global warming and its little cousin El Niño, holds its breath as the unstoppable Asian economy stumbles after Hong Kong is returned to the Chinese, and is amazed at the birth of Dolly the cloned sheep and the Hale-Bopp comet. Timothy McVeigh is convicted of the Oklahoma City bombing, NASAs Pathfinder explores Mars and sends back incredible photos, Mike Tyson bit off a piece of Evander Holyfields ear in a heavyweight championship fight, Grandmaster Gary Kasparov lost a chess match to a computer, septuplets were born to the McCaugheys in Iowa, President Clinton defended himself against Paula Jones, the Republicans, Saddam Hussein and investigations of campaign financing violations, new golf star Tiger Woods wins the Masters, and 39 members of the Heavens Gate cult commit suicide. Microscopic analysis of meteorite led to belief in ancient life on Mars.
1998 -- President Clinton's affair with Whitehouse intern Monica Lewinski is exposed and the Congress, press and Country grapple with the consequences in a year that ends with an Impeachment vote against Clinton by the House, El Niño continues its destructive ways as fierce weather wreaks havoc in many places including Central America and China, Asian economies continue to falter and the stock market goes along for the ride, John Glenn returns to space onboard the Shuttle Discovery, even as crime continues to drop nationwide several student shootings occur at schools around the country, the NBA fails to show up for the season but the home run hitters show up in baseball parks as Mark McGuire reaches a record 70 in his race with Sammy Sosa, healthwise: availability of the impotence drug Viagra raises the hopes of millions, strides are made in the war against AIDS and the tobacco industry loses a big battle in the courts, Y2K looms.
1999 -- The country was awed as it watched the impeachment trail of Bill Clinton and his subsequent acquittal (despite confessions of wrongdoing), US forces lead NATO's attempt to stop Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic's atrocities against Kosovo's Albanians, a year of random gun violence was climaxed when two high school side-liners vented their frustration by killing 12 classmates and a teacher before killing themselves at Columbine HS in Colorado, Y2K mania took hold as "dot-com" and "e-commerce" became the symbols of choice for the "wired' masses in a booming US economy, JFK Jr. and pro-golfer Payne Stewart die in difficult-to-accept private airplane crashes, Egyptair flight 990 inexplainably plunges into the Atlantic ocean off Martha's Vinyard, Bill Gates and Microsoft fought off anti-trust charges by the US Government, perennial sports stars Michael Jordon and Wayne Gretzgy retire and sports legends "Joltin" Joe DiMagio and Wilt "The Stilt" Chamberlain are lost, the US and the rest of the world experience another year of rugged post EL Nino weather and while uncounted others begin the year 2000 presidential campaign to replace President Clinton, Hillary Clinton sets her sights on a Senate seat in New York.
2000 -- The year started as a disappointment when the expected social/technical breakdown at the end of the millennium didn't occur and ended with a protracted national election in which a virtual tie brought the nation to a halt until the Supreme Court decided that Florida had indeed voted for George W. Bush and he was finally declared the 43rd President. Hillary Clinton was handed the Clinton baton as she won her Senate seat in New York. A little Cuban boy washed up on the Florida coast and the whole country picked sides when his father came to return Elian Gonsalez to Cuba. America tried to help calm hotspots in Eastern Europe and the Mideast and was rewarded by having the warship USS Cole blown up at port. The economy started to cool as gas prices soared and the Stock Market headed south. Big mergers continued (AOL/Time-Warner, Chevron/Texaco, CBS/Viacom) while technology took its lumps as Firestone was forced to recall its tires, Napster was forced to pay for its copyrighted music, Microsoft was called on the carpet by the anti- trust lawyers. Science announced it had unraveled the human genome.
2001 -- Major earthquake with a magnitude of 7.6 hits all El Salvador. George W. Bush succeeds Bill Clinton as President of the United States, after the U.S. Supreme Court stops the third recounting of ballots in Florida in the disputed and controversial U.S. presidential election, 2000. The Scottish Court in the Netherlands convicts a Libyan and acquits another for their part in the bombing of Pan Am Flight 103 which crashed in Lockerbie, Scotland in 1988. Iraq disarmament crisis: British and U.S. forces carry out bombing raids, attempting to disable Iraq's air defense network. February 6 - Likud Party leader Ariel Sharon wins election as Prime Minister of Israel. A Oklahoma City bombing museum is dedicated at the Oklahoma City National Memorial. The United States executes Timothy James McVeigh for the Oklahoma City Bombing. In the Netherlands, the Act on the Opening up of Marriage goes into effect. The Act allows same-sex couples to legally marry for the first time in the world since the reign of Nero. Junichiro Koizumi becomes Prime Minister of Japan. Crown Prince Dipendra of Nepal kills his father, the king, his mother and other members of the royal family with an assault rifle and then shoots himself. He dies June 4. King Gyanendra acceeds to the throne. The 27th G8 summit takes place in Genoa, Italy. Massive demonstrations against the meeting by anti-globalisation groups. One demonstrator, Carlo Giuliani, is shot dead by a carabiniere and several others are badly injured during an attack by the police on a school which the protesters were using as their headquarters. Tamil Tigers attack Bandaranaika International Airport in Sri Lanka, causing estimated $500 million of damages. Google is awarded a patent, number 6,285,999, for the PageRank search algorithm used in the Google search engine. U.S. Secretary of Defense Donald Rumsfeld holds a press conference to disclose that over $2,000,000,000,000 in Pentagon funds cannot be accounted for. Rumsfeld states: "According to some estimates we cannot track $2.3 trillion in transactions." Almost 3,000 are killed in the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attack on the World Trade Center in New York City, The Pentagon in Arlington, Virginia, and rural Shanksville, Pennsylvania. The 2001 anthrax attacks commence as anthrax letters are mailed from Princeton, New Jersey to ABC News, CBS News, NBC News, the New York Post, and the National Enquirer. Siberia Airlines Flight 1812 crashes over the Black Sea en route from Tel Aviv Israel to Novosibirsk Russia - 78 dead. In New York City, American Airlines Flight 587 crashes minutes after takeoff from John F. Kennedy International Airport, killing all 260 on-board. Enron files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection five days after Dynegy canceled a US$8.4 billion buyout bid. At the time this was the largest bankruptcy in the history of the United States. The Indian Parliament is attacked by terrorists, killing 14 people. This brings India and Pakistan to the brink of war.
2002-- Open Skies mutual surveillance treaty, initially signed in 1992, officially enters in to force. Eruption of Mount Nyiragongo in the Democratic Republic of the Congo displaces an estimated 400,000 people. Kmart Corp becomes the largest retailer in American history to file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. A large section of the Antarctic Larsen Ice Shelf begins disintegrating, eventually consuming about 3,250 km_ (1,254 miles_) over a 35-day period. US Secretary of Energy makes the decision that Yucca Mountain is suitable to be the United States' nuclear repository. Queen Elizabeth II gives former New York City mayor Rudolph Giuliani an honorary knighthood. Israeli forces surround the Church of the Nativity in Bethlehem, when militants take shelter there. A siege ensues. Former President Jimmy Carter arrives in Cuba for a five-day visit with Fidel Castro becoming the first President of the United States, in or out of office, to visit the island since Castro's 1959 revolution. The Igandu train disaster in Dodoma Region, Tanzania, kills 281 people in the worst rail accident in African history. Arizona experiences its worst forest fire, burning 462,606 acres (1,872 km_) near the Mogollon Rim. Iraq disarmament crisis: Iraq once again rejects new U.N. weapons inspections proposals. The Organization of African Unity is officially disbanded and replaced by the African Union. At a Sotheby's auction, Peter Paul Rubens' painting "The Massacre of the Innocents" is sold for £49.5million (US$76.2 million) to Lord Thomson. Telecommunications giant WorldCom files for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in the largest such filing in United States history. The opening of the United Nations World Summit on Sustainable Development, successor of the 1972 Conference on the Human Environment, 1983 World Commission on Environment and Development, and the 1992 Conference on Environment and Development. Iraq disarmament crisis: U.S. President George W. Bush addresses the U.N., and challenges its members to confront the "grave and gathering danger" of Iraq, or stand aside as the United States and likeminded nations act. Many Iraq disarmament crisis warnings. Hu Jintao becomes general secretary of the Communist Party of China.
2003-- new United States Department of Homeland Security officially begins operation. The Space Shuttle Columbia disintegrates over Texas upon reentry, killing all seven astronauts onboard. The leaders of Britain, Spain, Italy, Portugal, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Denmark, and the Czech Republic release a statement, The Letter of the Eight, demonstrating support for the United States' plans for an invasion of Iraq. Global protests against Iraq war - more than ten million people protest in over 600 cities worldwide, the largest war protest to take place before the war occurred. The Station nightclub fire in West Warwick, Rhode Island claims the lives of 100 people, the fourth deadliest nightclub fire in United States history. WHO issues a global alert on SARS. Hu Jintao becomes president of the People's Republic of China, replacing Jiang Zemin. U.S. forces seize control of Baghdad, apparently ending the regime of Saddam Hussein. Human Genome Project successfully completed with 99% of the human genome sequenced to 99.99% accuracy. U.S. columnist Robert Novak publishes the name of Valerie Plame, blowing her cover as a CIA operative. CIA leak scandal begins. Europe's largest shopping centre, the Bullring in Birmingham, is officially opened by Sir Albert Bore. A roller coaster accident at Disneyland injures 10 and kills one. A BSE (mad cow disease) outbreak in Washington State is announced. Several countries including Brazil, Australia and Taiwan place a ban on the import of beef from the United States of America. A massive earthquake devastates southeastern Iran. Over 40,000 people are reported to have been killed in the city of Bam.
2004--NASA's MER-A (Spirit and Opportunity) lands on Mars, Opportunity has confirmed that the area of Mars they landed in was once drenched in water. Tony Saca is elected President of El Salvador (inauguration June 1). Simultaneous explosions on rush hour trains in Madrid kill 190 people. A pogrom-like organized violence breaks out over two days in Kosovo. Nineteen people are killed, 139 Serbian homes are burned, schools and businesses are vandalized, and over 30 Orthodox monasteries and churches are burned and destroyed. The largest expansion to date of the European Union takes place, extending the Union by 10 member-states: Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Slovenia, Hungary, Malta and Cyprus. The UN launches a corruption investigation due to the scandal over its Iraqi Oil for Food program. An American civilian contractor in Iraq, Nick Berg, is shown being decapitated by a group allegedly linked to al-Qaida on a web-distributed video. Armed robbers steal Edvard Munch's The Scream, Madonna, and other paintings from the Munch Museum in Oslo, Norway. The first ever South Atlantic hurricane makes landfall in South Brazil on the state of Santa Catarina - the hurricane is dubbed Hurricane Catarina. The United Nations Security Council adopts Resolution 1559 calling for the removal of all foreign troops from Lebanon. This measure is largely aimed at Syrian troops. Hurricane Ivan passes directly over Grenada, killing 37 people. It passes over other Caribbean islands over the next two days, killing 5 people in Venezuela, 4 in the Dominican Republic, 1 in Tobago and 20 in Jamaica. Mount St. Helens becomes active again. Brazil successfully launches its first rocket into space. American Secretary of State Colin Powell submits his resignation. He is replaced by Condoleezza Rice after her confirmation by the United States Congress. The world's tallest bridge, the Millau bridge over the River Tarn in the Massif Central mountains, France is opened by President Jacques Chirac.
2005 -- Based on estimates by NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies, 2005 was the warmest year since reliable wide-spread instrumental measurements became available in the late 1800s, beating the previous record set in 1998 by a few hundredths of a degree Celsius. Mahmoud Abbas is elected to succeed Yasser Arafat as Palestinian Authority President in the Palestinian election. The Huygens probe lands on Titan, largest moon of Saturn. An ETA car bomb injures 31 people at a conference centre in Madrid. North Korea announces that it possesses nuclear weapons as a protection against the hostility it feels from the United States. The Kyoto Protocol goes into effect, without the support of the United States and Australia. The Tulip Revolution in Kyrgyzstan reaches its climax with the overthrow of president Askar Akayev. The 2005 Sumatran earthquake strikes off Sumatra, 3 months after the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. At a magnitude of 8.7 it is the second largest earthquake since 1965. Pope John Paul II dies; over 4 million people travel to the Vatican to mourn him. Joseph Ratzinger elected Pope Benedict XVI on the second day of the Papal conclave. MG Rover, the UK's sole remaining volume producer, goes into receivership after a planned alliance with Chinese manufacturer, Shanghai Automotive Industry Corporation, collapses. Apple Computer announces in a keynote address that they would begin production of Intel-chiped Macintosh computers in 2006. On June 17 - Because of "quadruple-witching" options and futures expiration, the New York Stock Exchange sees the heaviest first-hour trading on record. 704 million shares were traded between 9:30-10:30 A.M. 1.92 billion shares were traded for the day. On July 7, Four explosions rock the transport network in London, three on the London Underground and one on a bus. 56 people died and over 700 were injured. On July 21 - A terrorist attack on London, similar to the July 7 attacks, includes 4 attempted bomb attacks on 3 Underground trains and a London bus. The bombs failed to explode properly, and only one injury was reported, later found out to be unconnected. Mumbai and Mumbai Conurbation area was submerged in 5-7 ft water due to heavy rains and making nearby dams release water causing massive flood, which virtually stopped the financial capital of India for 4-5 days. In August, At least 1,836 are killed, and severe damage is caused along the U.S. Gulf Coast, as Hurricane Katrina strikes the Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama coastal areas. From September 14 - September 16 - Largest UN World Summit in history, held in New York City. United Nations Secretary General Kofi Annan makes his first visit to Iraq since Gulf War II began and urges Iraqis to embrace a process aiming to reconcile all the country's ethnic and religious groups. Vice presidential adviser Lewis "Scooter" Libby resigns after being charged with obstruction of justice, perjury and making a false statement in the CIA leak investigation. Evo Morales wins the Bolivian Presidential Elections.